The present study provides normative data stratified by age for the Rey Auditory
Verbal Learning test Czech version (RAVLT) derived from a sample of 306 cognitively
normal subjects (20–85 years). Participants met strict inclusion criteria (absence of any
active or past neurological or psychiatric disorder) and performed within normal limits
on other neuropsychological measures. Our analyses revealed significant relationships
between most RAVLT indices and age and education. Normative data are provided not
only for basic RAVLT scores, but for the first time also for a variety of derived (gained/
lost access, primacy/recency effect) and error scores. The study confirmed a logarithmic
character of the learning slope and is consistent with other studies. It enables the
clinician to evaluate more precisely subject’s RAVLT memory performance on a vast number of indices and can be viewed as a concrete example of Quantified Process
Approach to neuropsychological assessment.

The purpose of this study was to assess the convergent and discriminative validity of the
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction in
Huntington’s disease (HD). Twenty HD patients with cognitive deficit and 23 normal
controls (NC) without cognitive deficit were matched for age, sex, and education. The
mean MoCA score was 20.5 (SD¼5.5) in HD and 27.5 (SD¼2.2) in NC. The MoCA
correlated in both samples with the brief cognitive battery composite score (r¼.81,
p<.001). With the screening and diagnostic cutoff scores determined at <26 points,
the MoCA showed a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 84% in the detection of cognitive
dysfunction in HD. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve
(95% confidence interval) for the MoCA was 0.90 (0.809–0.997), p<.001. Our results
show that the MoCA is a suitable tool for assessing cognitive dysfunction in patients
with HD.

The Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) was conceived as a test of manual dexterity, upper-limb motor speed, and hand–eye
coordination. The aim of our study was to test the componential structure of the GPT on an archetypal model of motor
impairment, Parkinson’s disease (PD). A total of 45 PD patients (33 males, 12 females; age M = 67, range = 49-81; PD
duration M = 10, range = 6-20 years; H/Y stage 2, range = 2-3) and 20 age- and education-matched controls (14 males,
6 females; age M = 66, range = 48-80) were included. All participants were investigated using the GPT, Short Falls
Efficacy Scale–International, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Non-Motor
Symptom Scale. Patients were followed for 6 months, using fall diaries and monthly phone calls to define PD fallers (falls
≥ 1; n = 27) and PD nonfallers (falls = 0; n = 18). Using structural equation modeling, the GPT predicted performance on
the MoCA (p < .001), but not on the FAB (p = .29). In conclusion, analysis of the structure of the GPT provided evidence
about important cognitive features, in addition to the motor component of this test in PD.

Objective: To establish psychometric properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
with respect to detecting mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). Introduction:
MCI is considered a transitional stage between normal cognitive functioning and dementia.
The MoCA has recently been recommended as one of the standard tools for the diagnosis of
PD-MCI. However, its detection potential in the Czech population has not been demonstrated.
Methods: A sample of 80 patients with PD was administered the MoCA and a neuropsychological
battery with criteria operationalized for MCI-deficits. Thirty nine of these patients (PD-MCI
sample) were age and education-matched to a control sample (CS). ROC analysis was used to
ascertain classification statistics (discriminative validity) of the MoCA as a diagnostic instrument.
Results: The MoCA total score was significantly different between PD-MCI and CS (p = 0.006).
Delayed recall was the most differentiating MoCA subscore (p < 0.001). The 28/29 scores were
identified as an optimal screening MoCA cut-off to discriminate PD-MCI from CS was (sensitivity
= 0.90, specificity = 0.32; positive and negative predictive value = 0.57 and 0.76, respectively).
We constructed a regression equation based on a large control sample of the Czech population
(n = 268) to estimate the MoCA’s age and education-specific performance more accurately.
Conclusion: Despite the group differences between PD-MCI and CS, our results show that MoCA
has an unsatisfactory detection potential for an individual diagnosis of PD-MCI. A comprehensive
neuropsychological battery is thus recommendable.

The Trail Making Test (TMT) comprises two psychomotor tasks that measure a wide range of visual-perceptual and executive functions. The
purpose of this study was to provide Czech normative data and to examine the relationship between derived TMT indices and demographic
variables. The TMT was administered to 421 healthy adults. Two clinical groups (n ¼ 126) were evaluated to investigate the clinical utility
of the TMT-derived scores: amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n ¼ 90) and Alzheimer’s disease (n ¼ 36). Statistical analyses showed
that age and education, but not gender, were significantly associated with TMT completion times and derived scores. Of all the indices, only
the TMT ratio scorewas insensitive to age.We present normative values for the Czech version of the TMT, providing a reference for measuring
individual performance in native Czech speakers. Moreover, we found that accuracy on the TMT was improved with the attenuation of age.

Studie je první studií (na světě) detekčního potenciálu (senzitivity a specificity) Montrealského kognitivního testu pro ověření kognitivního deficitu u Huntingtonovy nemoci.

Tato studie je první, která poskytuje normativní data pro velmi často používaný test na zaměřenou pozornost a exekutivní funkce: TMT (Trail Making Test, česky Test cesty). Ukazuje užitečnost a citlivost tohoto testu na dvou klinických populacích: pacientech s Alzheimerovou nemocí (N = 36) a pacientech s mírnou kognitivní poruchou (N = 90) a porovnává jejich výkony oproti souboru základnímu (N = 421) ve všech měřítkách, která tento test poskytuje. Dochází k významným rozdílům mezi skupinami a poskytuje tabelární přehled průměrných hodnot pro výkon v tomto testu stratifikovaných dle věku včetně regresních rovnic. Umožňuje administrovat TMT českým subjektům a poskytuje přesný srovnávací standard pro odlišení deficitu v pozornosti a exekutivních funkcích od osob psychicky zdravých.